The mechanism for nitration of benzene: Step 1: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion. It may be reduced to a variety of compounds, depending on the reaction conditions. In another example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, benzene reacts with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids to create nitrobenzene. Aniline salt and NaOH reaction.

Here is a picture of how it works with an olefin like ethylene. Ch17 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds (landscape).docx Page7 Nitration of Benzene Benzene will react with hot concentrated nitric acid to produce nitrobenzene. Principle: Here nitration is occurring on nitrobenzene.It is an electrophilic aromatic substitution in presence of NO 2, which is a strong electron withdrawing group and it directs the incoming substituents to the meta position.Here nitronium ions act as the electrophile which is generated from fuming nitric acid in presence of conc. Chlorination of nitrobenzene is an electrophilic substitution reaction. Aniline is taken from aniline salt by reacting it with NaOH. Nitrobenzene undergoes nitration, halogenation, and sulfonation much more slowly than does benzene. 3. It may be reduced to a variety of compounds, depending on the reaction conditions. Instead of Sn, Zn or Fe can be used too to reduce nitrobenze to aniline. The mechanisms for these reactions are covered elsewhere on the site, and you will find links to these. 1 Preparing steps of aniline from nitrobenzene Nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline salt by Sn / concentrated HCl. sulphuric acid. In this video i will be making nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene. This is an weak acid and strong base reaction. The nitro group is so deactivating that yields are really poor for Friedel-Crafts reactions with nitrobenzene; not even the meta-substituted product is found in good yield. The mechanism for the nitrobenzene reaction occurs in six steps. Superhydrophobic nickel/carbon core–shell nanocomposites for the hydrogen transfer reactions of nitrobenzene and N-heterocycles† Shaofeng Pang , * ab Yujing Zhang , c Qiong Su , ab Fangfang Liu , ab Xin Xie , ab Zhiying Duan , ab Feng Zhou , d Ping Zhang ab and Yanbin Wang * ab Nitrobenzene is stable to heating up to about 450°C, with the decomposition depending on heating time and also on the potential to have decomposition on surfaces (by heterogeneous reactions).

Nitric acid and nitronium ion. The electron-half-equation for this reaction is: The nitrobenzene has been reduced by gaining electrons in the presence of the acid. This is an weak acid and strong base reaction. 2. chloronium ion acts as an electrophile, which attacks the nitrobenzene ring.The attack of electrophile is possible at three positions they are ortho, meta and para positions. The lone pair on the nitrogen in the phenylamine picks up a hydrogen ion from the acid. The first reaction is called a catalytic reduction. Step 2: The nitronium ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with … Nitrobenzene undergoes nitration, halogenation, and sulfonation much more slowly than does benzene. Instead of Sn, Zn or Fe can be used too to reduce nitrobenze to aniline. Benzene & Derivatives Substitution Reactions of Benzene and Other Aromatic Compounds. The electrons come from the tin, which forms both tin(II) and tin(IV) ions. Reactions of Benzene & Its Derivatives Chapter 22 Organic Lecture Series 2 Reactions of Benzene The most characteristic reaction of aromatic compounds is substitution at a ring carbon: + + Chlorobenzene Halogenation: H Cl2 Cl FeCl3 HCl + + Nitrobenzene Nitration: HNOHNO3 2 H2 SO4 H2 O In fact, nitrobenzene is actually used as a solvent in Friedel-Crafts reactions . The resonating forms for the corresponding attacks are as shown below. Nitric acid accepts the proton in an acid‐base reaction. Nitrobenzene is stable to heating up to about 450°C, with the decomposition depending on heating time and also on the potential to have decomposition on surfaces (by heterogeneous reactions).

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